Blog Posts

An Interesting, Unconventional Pieta

6/2/2026

Regular readers may recall that I have soft spot for pieta paintings.

In fact, I have featured a few on these pages over the years, including some that "don't work," (for me at least).

With that in mind, I recently stumbled across a rather unconventional pieta that does work, albeit without the traditional compositional aspects inherent in most pieta renditions.

Instead of holding the crucified Jesus in here arms or lap, Franz von Stuck (1863-1928) depicts Mary grieving with her face buried in her hands as she stands next to her son's body, which is, presumably, already resting in the tomb.

Mary holding Jesus's body is an enormous aspect behind the evocation of pity and compassion in more "traditional" pietas. Franz von Stuck forgoes this element, yet succeeds in evoking pity. Perhaps even more so.

Pieta - Franz von Stuck - 1891

On a side note, it struck me that von Stuck's Jesus is eerily similar to Holbein's "Body of the Dead Christ in the Tomb," the very painting that pushed Dostoevsky into a rather profound spiritual crisis (Jesus looks so dead that resurrection seems impossible).

The Body of the Dead Christ in the Tomb - Hans Holbein the Younger - 1520

I sense von Stuck was aiming for the same sort of effect in his painting, thus deepening the aura of grief and despondency evident in Mary.

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Hungary's Political Top-Down Christianity Project Was a Travesty; Top-Down Church Projects Offer No Re-Christianizing Solution

5/30/2026

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The following includes some meandering commentary on Iben Thranholm’s article Will Hungary be a Christian Nation After Orbán, which appeared on the First Things site yesterday.

Those wishing for a succinct encapsulation of my views regarding the article may be satisfied by the summary below:

Thranholm correctly recognizes the ineffectiveness and inanity of Christianity as a top-down state project but misguidedly promotes a top-down church project as the means through which to re-Christianize people in the West.

Although I agree with Thranholm’s dismissal of politics as a re-Christianizing force, I vehemently reject his claim that churches offer any solution to the re-Christianizing problem, primarily because churches differ little from political parties in their approaches, methods, aims, and motivations (to say nothing of the spiritual collapse churches demonstrated in 2020–2021).

Re-Christianizing today depends entirely on the aims, motivations, and faith of the individual Christian sans all Christian externalities, even those provided by the most well-meaning church. A Christian today must learn how to become and remain a Christian in what amounts to a this-worldly void. He cannot rely on anything external to guide him or save him. Christianity must become predominantly internal, mystical, and spiritual. And that’s where the adventure starts.

Anyway, on to the article (in italics, some editing added).

As a Dane from one of the world’s most secular societies, I had come to Hungary expecting a kind of Christian Canaan: a place where a government unapologetically championed the faith, defended Christian values in the E.U., and stood as the last real bastion against aggressive secularization. Here, I imagined, the streets of Budapest would overflow with vibrant Christian life.

They did not.

The explanation for this is quite simple—Orbán’s rhetoric about a Christian Hungary was just that, rhetoric. Strip that rhetoric away, and you are left with a country that is just as secular as Denmark or perhaps even worse. Yes, the Hungarians may be a little more socially conservative in their values, but social conservatism does not in itself imply Christian belief.

For years, Christians and conservatives touted Hungary as an exemplary Christian nation when it was and remains anything but. They took Orbán’s rhetoric at face value and embraced that as “reality” when the actual cultural and religious situation in Hungary revealed a different “reality” entirely.

As much as Christians love to expound the veritable existence of the opposite, the stark reality of our modern world is that there are no Christian nations left in the West. Not even culturally Christian ones. Not one. Although some externals and “going through the motions” still linger in Western countries, it would be egregiously insincere to argue that any country in the West is Christian, culturally or otherwise.

Hungary proves this beyond the reach of any counterargument. If there were countries in the West that had a feasible shot at becoming “culturally Christian,” it was the former Eastern Bloc countries; however, once they emerged from behind the Iron Curtain, the cultures within these nations unequivocally welcomed Western secularism.

In ten months of daily life in Budapest, I saw remarkably few signs of living Christian faith. I regularly went to Mass in several Catholic churches, and they were decently full on Sundays, yet overall participation remained strikingly low. The statistics confirm this: Hungary has one of Europe’s lowest rates of regular church attendance. Only about 12–17 percent of the population attends religious services at least monthly, and among young adults, the figure drops below 10 percent.

While most Hungarians still identify culturally as Christian, predominantly Roman Catholic or Reformed, the country is functionally highly secularized, with a large share claiming no active religious affiliation.

As accurate and interesting as all of this is, I am convinced that it represents an extremely narrow and misguided view of what living the Christian faith must entail today. Note the focus on groups and percentages within groups.

Note the spotlight on Christian externalities, specifically, church attendance and professed church affiliation.

As is the case with virtually all self-professed Christians, the author of this excerpted article regards Christianity as primarily external, cultural, social, and political.

It’s all about how many people claim to belong to a particular church or regularly go to church, which then often segues into which political parties “officially” oppose the secular left by championing Christian ideals and values.

Yet on St. Stephen’s Day each year, one could easily be tempted to believe that Hungary was filled with fervent Christians. Hungarians flocked to the national celebrations. They cheered and took photos as drones lit up the night sky with the glowing image of the Christian king’s crown above the Danube. But when the lights went out, Hungary was no more Christian than before.

The paragraph above helps reinforce an earlier post of mine in which I commented on the utter vacuity of the annual “drone cross” display (Rod Dreher would disagree). Moreover, it also presents a realistic and unintentionally damning report on the state of nationalism in Hungary. St. Stephen founded the nation over a thousand years ago, yet when the drone display ended, Hungary did not become more Christian or more nationalistic.

If anything, I believe the author’s observation lays bare how utterly pointless and potentially harmful any external “show” of Christianity has become in our post-Christian world (harmful because it obstructs people from looking elsewhere for the essence of Christianity).

Orbán himself was fully aware of this disconnect, yet he continued to believe strongly in the importance of cultural Christianity. He repeatedly stressed that Christian virtues lead to peace and happiness, and the Hungarian constitution explicitly obliges the state to protect “Hungary’s constitutional self-identity and Christian culture.”

He saw the preservation of this Christian cultural framework as absolutely essential. That is why he fiercely opposed same-sex marriage and the broader LGBTQ agenda. In his eyes, accepting it would mean that Christianity no longer functioned as the moral code for Hungarian and European culture. Once that foundation was abandoned, culture would break loose from its Christian roots and slide into a post-Christian void.

Orbán may have fiercely opposed same sex marriage and the alphabet agenda in his rhetoric, but that did nothing to prevent one of his most loyal MEPs from attending an all-male sex orgy in Brussels during the birdemic lockdown. It also did not hinder the annual gay pride parades, which went on regardless of Orbán’s fiery opposition and legal prohibitions.

That aside, Orbán did not care about cultural Christianity at all. Sure, he went on about ad nauseam; however, a closer look at his policies reveals that he was following the secular, leftist playbook for all Western countries in the areas it mattered most—more particularly, indebting and impoverishing Hungary and Hungarians to levels rarely seen before, all while enriching himself and his gay orgy-loving cronies to the tune of billions.

It’s well past time that Christians wake up to the fact that all Western countries are already in a post-Christian void. Christianity no longer offers any cultural framework nor functions at a moral level anywhere in the West. Ironically, those who blather on about the need for such frameworks and morals rank among the worst offenders and betrayers of the Christian roots they profess to defend.

His (Orbán’s) government therefore offered concrete incentives rooted in Christian anthropology as part of one of Orbán’s flagship policies: strengthening the traditional family. For example, mothers with three or more children receive a full lifetime exemption from personal income tax. Yet even after the policy was expanded in late 2025, few women actually took advantage of it.

What good is a lifetime income tax exemption if your net income is roughly 15,000 euros a year? Yes, the average Hungarian, male or female, earns about 15,000 annually after taxes. If Orbán had wanted to root his incentives in Christian anthropology, he could have considered raising wages instead.

However, all of this once again misses the point entirely. Tax incentives? Pay? Is that what Christianity and Christian values are all about?

This, it seems to me, is the deeper lesson. Orbán’s project was not without merit. After forty years of communist destruction, Hungarians understandably craved a recovered national identity, a moral code for what is right and what is wrong. Yet when the defense of “Christian culture” becomes primarily a top-down state project, it risks turning into identity politics wearing a cross. Cultural Christianity, a thin veneer of heritage, symbolism, and national pride, lacks the power to re-Christianize a people. It cannot substitute for the Church’s own work of preaching, sacraments, discipleship, and conversion.

Yes on the first part; no on the second. Politics cannot and will not re-Christianize people; however, contrary to the author’s claim, neither will churches. Christianity as a top-down church project will fail. Or, more accurately, will fail again. Placing faith in churches as a re-Christianizing force is just as misplaced as thinking politicians can create Christian nations. Though potentially useful for some, preaching, sacraments, discipleship, and conversion all concentrate on the externalities of Christianity and are insufficient for the sort of Christian faith required today.

Hungary shows that a government can champion Christian values in law and rhetoric while the population remains largely unmoved in heart and habit. When Fidesz lost the election, practical concerns proved far more decisive for many voters: struggling health care, a weak economy, and corruption scandals. The Christian identity Orbán had championed simply did not run deep enough to keep them loyal. The Christian symbols had not reshaped souls; they had mostly rallied a cultural tribe.

Put another way, Hungarians finally saw through Orbán’s Christian-themed bullshit. Orbán may have championed Christian values in law and rhetoric, but that law and rhetoric did not apply to him and his cronies. Moreover, it did not apply to the average Hungarian who is and always was far more concerned about the economy and other assorted this-worldly concerns than he ever was or is about what Christianity is or should be.

Also, the whole cultural tribe thing is waning in Hungary. Most of the Hungarians I meet, particularly the young, want to leave Hungary and escape Hungarians.

Anyway, as Thranholm notes, the Christian symbols had not reshaped souls. Taken a step further, I would argue that is not necessarily a bad thing. I am firmly convinced that we live in times during which no Christian should rely on any symbol to shape his soul. His Christianity should and must extend deeper than that.

Hungary will only become a genuinely Christian nation when the churches take up the task that was always theirs. With the state no longer wrapping itself in the mantle of Christian nationalism, the gospel may finally speak with the clarity and freedom it needs, untangled from political power and uncompromised by the compromises of governance.

A Christianity that depends on Orbán (or any Caesar) for its survival was never going to endure. A Christianity that rises again through preaching, prayer, and sacrificial witness just might.

The same goes for a Christianity that depends on churches for its survival. Relying on preaching, prayer, and sacrificial witness in a church alone does not cut it anymore. More is needed. That more is internal faith anchored in freedom and creativity, which implies less dependence on externalities like churches and symbols.

Nations are not Christian because their constitution says so or because their leaders wield the cross. People become Christian when their hearts are claimed by Christ, something no government, however well-intentioned, can accomplish in their place. The real work begins now.

Yes, but the church will not assume that real work in any meaningful way. Anyone who thinks otherwise is delusional. People do become Christians when Christ claims their hearts, but such heart claims can no longer depend on churches to instill them. The real work the author pines for must happen through inner, mystical, spiritual experience.

The nation Christians yearn for is not of this world. No "this-worldly" force or organization, be it a nation, political party, or church, can deliver it for them.

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A Crude, Lewd, Brash Rock Song About My Name

5/28/2026

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Courtesy of Austrian rap/rock/pop artist Bibiza, whose full name happens to be Franz Bibiza.

Crude, lewd, loud, and irritating; everything a song about my name should be.

Sorry. I'm feeling particularly lighthearted today.

Lyrics below.

Yeah

In Amerika bin ich Frank, in Vienna bin ich Franz
In France bin ich Francois, in Tokio sag ich: „Konichiwa“
In Spain bin ich Francisco, auf Ibiza in 'ner Disco
In Kuba bin ich Franco und zieh' dort alles blanco, let's rock

In London bin ich Francis, in Hongkong weiß ich selbst nicht
Doch es passt, wär' ich Franziskus und hätte sehr viel Intus
In Moskau bin ich Frantsuzskiy, in Mailand trag' ich Gucci
Francesco in Italiano, es ist doch alles klaro, let's rock

Let's fuck
Let's rock
Let's fuck

Yeah
Yeah

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The Less Left (A.K.A, the Right) is Far Worse (Spiritually) than the Left

5/25/2026

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I suppose it’s only natural for those with rightist principles to harbor optimism for the so-called “right wing” of the political spectrum. I have held such optimism myself in the past, but recent experience with such matters has taught me that the whole right-left political divide that is the obsession of so many is a total sham.

Moreover, the so-called rightist parties and politicians conservative types tend to endorse are far worse than any left and far left party would ever dream of being; worse for the simple reason that the platitudes such so-called rightist parties and politicians spout are far more deceitful, dishonest, and fraudulent than the lies their opponents promulgate.

Though all sides of the political spectrum brim with known and proven pathological liars, the liars on the right wing—referred to from here on as the “less-left”—are unfathomably more despicable in their blatant dishonesty and duplicitousness.

Case in point -- Viktor Orbán, the recently deposed Prime Minister of Hungary, who became a veritable poster boy for right-wing, based types. Although I was impressed by Orbán’s response to the migrant crisis in 2015 and subsequently optimistic about his patriotic and apparently pro-Christian rhetoric and talking points, it did not take me too long to understand that Orbán was not really on the “right” at all. He was something altogether worse: a politician who hijacked rightist principles to hoodwink optimistic rightists into thinking he was on their side while simultaneously undermining them at every turn.

For the sake of brevity, I will focus on three examples of Orbán’s rightist/illiberal schtick: the migrant crisis, a family support scheme that encouraged young couples to have children in exchange for affordable housing, and the birdemic.

Orbán was one of the few in the West to openly oppose the mass migration waves that flooded into Europe in 2015. He even went as far as to erect a fence to impede the free flow of largely undocumented migrants from who knows where.

The issue became a fixation of Hungarian state television for years afterward. Hungarians were constantly reminded of how the great Orbán was defending the nation and Hungarian values from the invading barbarian hordes who were always just a stone’s throw away, ready to kidnap Hungary’s daughters and steal Hungarians’ jobs.

At the same time, the state media was notably silent about the busloads of documented guest workers Orbán and his crew were recruiting from around the world and funneling into Hungary’s many foreign-owned factories, thereby subduing Hungary’s already ridiculously low wages and ensuring that global industry would retain a cheap work force no matter what.

When confronted about the matter years after the migrant crisis, Orbán merely shrugged and callously stated that he had always been against undocumented, illegal migration. Documented, legal migrants and guest workers were another matter entirely and necessary to ensure Hungary’s competitiveness and productivity.

Many displaced Hungarian workers voted with their feet and left the country to seek higher wages elsewhere in Europe. Some moved to the western part of the country to commute to Austria. Very few could afford to stay in the “guest-worker factories” because of wage stagnation or decline.

Against this backdrop, Orbán lauded the sanctity of the Hungarian family and how supporting it was the top priority of his administration. He and his cronies quickly crafted a home affordability/childbirth scheme that would “reward” young couples for having three or more children by issuing them non-repayable grants and cheap loans. The ensuing tidal wave of grant and loan creation unleashed an inflationary tsunami that quickly doubled the price of all real estate within a year. Within five years, real estate became largely unaffordable, even for those who applied for all the grants and loans the Orbán regime continued to offer and expand.

I purchased my house for the equivalent of 40,000 euros in 2015, just before the housing scheme kicked in. My house is now worth about 250,000 euros. Needless to say, the purchasing power of real wages stagnated or even declined during that same period. Talk about supporting Hungarian families!

Finally, there is the birdemic, during which the Orbán regime ranked among the most oppressive, fearmongering regimes in the world. Personal rights, national rights, and citizen rights all went out the window, and more needless money printing ensued. At one point, the administration even entertained mandating pecks for everyone, but eventually backed off the idea when they saw how poorly their conservative comrades in neighboring Austria had fared on that issue.

Worst of all, Orbán constantly cloaked himself in Christian garb and ceaselessly pontificated about Hungary’s Christian heritage, values, and principles. He presented himself as a noble crusader, a veritable warrior-saint endlessly defending his besieged nation against the onslaught of leftism, yet he was nothing of the sort. On the contrary, he adhered to the leftist script and agenda on all major issues. Thus, he damaged and looted the country far more than any foaming-at-the-mouth leftist could ever hope to do—and he managed to do it all because there were enough politically “optimistic” people in Hungary who believed in what he fed them and believed in him as a public figure.

Less-left politicians like Orbán are far worse than their foaming-at-mouth leftist counterparts, worse because they are more insincere and deceptive. Ironically, the left are actually more honest about their intentions and motivations than Orbán and his less-left ilk could ever be.

In this sense, I gather that less-left types like Orbán pose a greater spiritual threat than straight-up leftists, which sheds light on why it is disastrously misguided to harbor any optimism for politics today.

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The Blatant Faustian Overtones of the Current Dealmaking Obsession

5/24/2026

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Present-day politics strikes me as a nauseating rendition of Let’s Make a Deal, the droll American game show hosted by Monty Hall in the sixties and seventies.

The few headlines I do encounter tend to center on pushing for endless deals, courtesy of the Dealmaker President, who even wrote a book about the deal as an art form.

Deal this. Deal that. We’re close to a deal. I’m going to bomb them into a deal. They want a deal. They need a deal. One way or another, they’re going to make a deal, or else it’s no deal. Either way, it’s a big deal.

Dealmaking has become a supreme virtue.

So much so that barely any have noticed or commented on the sinister aspects behind the motivations to make pacts.

No mention of trading moral or spiritual values—such as souls, integrity, or core principles—for temporary, this-worldly benefits like increased wealth and power.

That’s the real deal. The only deal. And I suppose it helps explain why the dealmaking mantra has enraptured and enthused so many.

Our world echoes a quote by Lawrence Hill: 'Sometimes a deal with the devil is better than no deal at all.'

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The Holy Spirit Operates Beyond Systems

5/24/2026

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Dr. Charlton recently wrote an incisive piece about the harm and danger inherent in all systems, which acutely reminded me of my own aversion to systems from a spiritual perspective.

The dilemma of most systems is that they are innately necessary to our survival in this world. Yet this necessity also ensures that they are essentially enslaving forces.

Like or not, we are all inevitably slaves to systems in this world; however, this realization should inspire us to pursue and establish a spiritual bulwark of freedom and creativity all the same because such bulwarks offer the only way we can sincerely and realistically maintain an other-worldly, anti-system view while nonetheless remaining physically ensnared in a this-worldly, pro-system situation.

I do not believe that the comfort and guidance Christ offers his followers through the Holy Spirit is reliant upon any system.

How could it be?

We are all locked into the System and its sub-systems to varying degrees. In this sense, none of us is truly free -- at least not in a worldly sense -- but this does not render the comfort and guidance of the Holy Spirit inaccessible.

Although we are locked into the System, we can still be spiritually free, mainly through repentance and thinking outside the System.

When we repent our sins and learn to think beyond the System, we create the conditions needed to experience the comfort and guidance of the Holy Spirit.

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Christ with the Sarcophagus

5/21/2026

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I featured this painting in a post back in January and asked for help in identifying it.

Readers were kind enough to inform me of the title and the artist, which I have noted below.

One reader also let me know that the work is on display at the Galleria Narionale dell'Umbria in Perugia, Italy.

Pala dei Decemviri (Cristo sul sarcofago) - Pietro Perugino (1448-1523)

Anyway, I happened to be in Perugia last week and made a point of visting the gallery to view this fine painting in person.

Note: Regular blogging resumes today.

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Be Back Soon

5/11/2026

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Apologies for the hiatus. It wasn't planned -- but needed.

I shall resume regular blogging around May 20. Until then . . .

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AI Is Anti-Personal and Anti-Spiritual; As Such, It Can Offer No Real Positives

2/22/2026

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Despite everything, some self-professed Christians continue to publicly laud the merits of AI, claiming it will make people smarter, more efficient, creative, and wealthy, provided it is utilized effectively with good underlying motivations.

Ridiculous hype and exaggerated claims aside, AI has revealed itself as the most anti-personal and anti-spiritual technology ever developed. As such, it is immune to “good underlying motivations” and cannot be utilized effectively for any good purpose.

Thus, the perceived positives AI appears to offer are head fakes; spiritual deceptions, through and through. Unfortunately, there’s not much that can be done for those who fail to recognize this.

At best, they will learn the hard way; at worst, they will convince themselves that AI has indeed made them smarter, more efficient, creative, wealthy, or whatever and embrace such fake positives as proof of their sagacity.

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Information Saturation Has Proven More Effective Than Information Banning

2/21/2026

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My 14-year-old son recently began reading Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451, a novel I was very fond of when I was his age. If memory serves me well, Bradbury’s tale of book-burning firemen served as the gateway to what became a mini-obsession with dystopian fiction during my early teen years.

At that time, and for a long time afterward, I was thoroughly convinced that totalitarian power structures depended largely on their ability to control and censor information. Put another way, totalitarianism could only exist if and when it had obliterated and outlawed all information that threatened its own narrative. The practices of past totalitarian societies—the National Socialist Kulturkampf or Soviet oppression —lent great support to this conviction.

Like most in the West during the Cold War years, I firmly believed that personal, spiritual, and societal freedom depended almost entirely on the free flow of information. Take that away, and totalitarianism of one form or another was guaranteed to follow.

I no longer subscribe to such views. On the contrary, current circumstances in the West have revealed that totalitarianism can establish itself quite effectively without obstructing or interfering with the free flow of information all that much.

Yes, censorship, bans, and witch hunts have occurred and still flare up occasionally; however, when it comes to information, the situation in the West today bears little resemblance to the hardcore repressive regimes of the twentieth century or those depicted by the likes of Bradbury or Orwell.

Instead of banning and destroying information, our present-day totalitarians saturate the world with it. Although it officially frowns upon and, in some cases, prohibits and sanctions certain books, texts, and information sources that go against its narratives, the current totalitarian power structures in the West allow access to such books, texts, and sources, provided the individual is willing to do the legwork to attain such knowledge.

A motivated individual in the West can find any book, text, or article written by anyone at any time without too much effort or interference and, notably, often without having to pay for it, which is an entirely different topia than the ones depicted in the most famous dystopian novels.

That should provide a pause for thought.

Present-day totalitarianism does not seem to fear secondary thinking in the same way its predecessors had. If it did, it would not permit the vast oceans of information sloshing around the world. Being able to access information that unmistakably reveals the corruption and evil of the current System has little to no effect on its power structures, operations, and functioning. On the contrary, subversive information usually serves to feed the System in some manner. More often than not, it seems to strengthen rather than weaken it.

Our current totalitarian world not only tolerates information, but it also actively promotes its proliferation and dissemination, the point of what can only be described as information overload. I am of the conviction that this active promotion of information overload stems from nefarious spiritual motivations.

The alienation of modern man represents near-total submersion in the representational world, made all the more acute by the ever-increasing disconnect between Reality and representations of Reality.

This disconnection marks the virtual obliteration of primary thinking in favor of secondary thinking. Put another way, for modern man, secondary thinking via externally received symbolic information is reality because he is virtually incapable of connecting with reality in any other way.

Modern man now regards the symbols, language, and other representations used to shape, fashion, give form to, or describe as reality itself, both de facto (as in matter of fact) and de jure (as in legally and officially recognized).

Simply put, information used solely at the level of secondary thinking is now synonymous with reality.

The war we are in is fundamentally a spiritual war, not an information war.

Many recognize and understand the totalitarian push to control the narrative; however, they fail to discern that the core problem is the exclusive and obsessive focus on engaging with narrative through secondary thinking, thereby keeping consciousness firmly entrenched in representational reality as reality (or, in keeping consciousness locked in the Information Age and its related thinking).

Our present-day totalitarians are not simply striving to control information and secondary thinking; they want to ensure human consciousness remains trapped in a state of information overload and secondary thinking.

I suspect that at the deepest, most fundamental level, our totalitarian rulers and the demonic forces they serve welcome information opposition to their secondary-level information manipulations because it keeps human consciousness firmly fixated on representations as reality rather than on Reality.

Thus, keeping people engaged in information wars not only helps to distract from the spiritual war but also helps to hinder the further development of human consciousness.
Winning the spiritual war and connecting with Truth and Reality does not and cannot boil down to being informed, an essentially passive state in which one allows the external to shape, fashion, give shape to, and teach reality via representations presented and accepted as Reality.

I am not implying that the representational is dispensable.

On the contrary, it is vital, but only when we understand that it serves as a go-between and not a final destination. In this sense, the representations the good info warriors provide are far superior to the information promulgated by the likes of the WEF, which serves more as a go-nowhere rather than a go-between. Yet representations on the side of good can only do good if they are treated as intermediaries — that is, used to orient and/or connect to Reality.

That connection to Reality happens beyond the representational, in the realm of primary thinking — the realm of non-representational direct-knowing originating from and connecting to the primal self. Although representational, secondary thinking can inspire, motivate, and guide individuals toward primary thinking, it cannot substitute for primary thinking.

Present-day totalitarianism does not fear information; it fears thinking, especially the primary kind.

Note: Some of the above is a rehashing of previous thoughts on secondary thinking.

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